• Published online: 26 April 2007; | doi:10.1038/news070423-9 / http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070423/full/070423-9.html

    Chimp denied a legal guardian

    Court turns down request in case aiming for 'ape rights'.

    Ned Stafford



    An Austrian judge turned down a request this week to appoint a woman as legal guardian of a chimpanzee.

    The decision is a blow to a growing movement in Europe attempting to give apes some of the legal rights of humans, such as protection from being owned. But proponents of ape rights say they will appeal the decision and continue fighting for the cause elsewhere in Europe. In Spain, for example, they are pushing for a national law that would extend some human rights to apes.

    Paula Casal, a vice-president of the Great Ape Project branch in Spain, says the Spanish law, first proposed a year ago, might finally be put to a vote soon in parliament. "After that battle is won, then we will have momentum to start organizing groups in other countries to do the same," said Casal, a philosopher at the University of Reading, UK.

    The goal of the Great Ape Project is to extend basic human rights to apes, such as the right to life, protection of individual liberty and prohibition of torture.

    Apes are no longer used in most western nations for research, with the United States being a major exception. New Zealand passed an ape rights law in 1999, backed by the Great Ape Project, which prohibits using apes in any experiments that would benefit humans.

    The proposed Spanish law goes beyond this, additionally banning private ownership of apes, or their use for employment or entertainment. The state would be responsible for putting the more then 200 apes registered in Spain in sanctuaries. Furthermore, as written it would require the Spanish government to work towards convening an international forum of developed and developing nations on the issue of protecting the rights of great apes.

    Wrong papers



    Hiasl and Rosi are at the Vienna Animal Protection Shelter for now.

    Balluch
    In the Austrian case, the Association Against Animal Factories (VGT) earlier this year went to court in an attempt to name a legal guardian for Hiasl (pronounced Hee-sel), who was taken in 1982 from western Africa with several other young chimps. The chimps were to be shipped to a research laboratory, but did not have proper documentation and were intercepted by customs officials, according to Martin Balluch, president of the VGT. Two of them, Hiasl and Rosi, ended up at the Vienna Animal Protection Shelter.

    Balluch says they are worried that the shelter may no longer be able to afford to keep Hiasl and Rosi, and his group wants to ensure the chimps do not end up in a zoo or a laboratory. "If they are sent outside of Austria, then anything could happen to them," he says.

    The VGT decided the best strategy was to seek a legal guardian for Hiasl, and then, if they won, use that as legal precedent to appoint a legal guardian for Rosi and other chimps in Austria, Balluch says.

    In the lawsuit, Paula Stibbe, a UK citizen living in Austria and in regular contact with Hiasl since 1999, was put forward to be Hiasl's guardian. Stibbe, who still visits Hiasl regularly, says: "I consider him a friend. He greets me with kisses, hugs."

    Support payments

    Before filing the lawsuit, Balluch consulted with international experts and ape supporters such as Jane Goodall and US animal rights lawyer/author Stephen Wise. They chose the legal-guardian strategy because it would mean Hiasl could not be sold, Balluch says. And a lawsuit could then be filed on Hiasl's behalf against the laboratory that tried to import him, in order to obtain support payments. "Hiasl is now dependent on the goodwill of others," Balluch says. "If he were still in the west African jungle, he would not need money. It was the company that brought him here and started this mess."

    In a trustee court hearing on 24 April, the judge denied the request. She said that if she appointed a legal guardian for a chimp, then this might create the public perception that humans with court-appointed legal guardians are at the same level as animals.

    Balluch says his group will appeal the decision to a higher district court. He notes that many other chimps from the same research laboratory are in a sanctuary north of Vienna. Donations for that sanctuary are drying up, Balluch says. If Hiasl eventually wins the right to guardianship, then Balluch says he "would not hesitate to expand that to the 44 chimps north of Vienna."




























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  • Pour la première fois depuis l'autorisation de l'interruption volontaire de grossesse en 1973, la Cour suprême des Etats-Unis effectue, mercredi 18 avril, un premier revirement sur la question de l'avortement. Par 5 voix contre 4, la Cour a validé une loi fédérale de 2003, interdisant une méthode chirurgicale d'interruption tardive de grossesse. La méthode incriminée est d'après le texte de loi "terrifiante, inhumaine et jamais indispensable d'un point de vue médical, pour préserver la santé de la mère".

    "La décision d'aujourd'hui est alarmante", réplique la juge Ruth Bader Ginsburg, rejointe par les trois autres juges progressistes de la Cour. "Elle tolère et même applaudit une intervention fédérale pour interdire au niveau national une procédure que l'ordre des gynécologues-obstétriciens américains considère nécessaire et appropriée dans certain cas." Le président des Etats-Unis, George W. Bush, s'est quant à lui dit "heureux" de la plus haute instance judiciaire américaine.  "L'interdiction de l'avortement par naissance partielle, qu'une majorité écrasante de membres des deux partis a adoptée au Congrès et que j'ai promulguée, représente l'engagement à établir une culture de la vie en Amérique", affirme-t-il dans un communiqué.

    QUELQUES MILLIERS DE CAS

    Qualifiée d'"avortement par naissance partielle" par ses opposants, la méthode désormais interdite se pratique alors que le fœtus est encore vivant au début de la procédure. Réalisée entre le troisième et le sixième mois de grossesse, elle consiste à faire sortir les jambes et le torse du fœtus, puis aspirer le contenu de la boîte crânienne pour faciliter l'extraction de la tête. Environ 10 % des quelque 1,2 million d'IVG pratiquées chaque année aux Etats-Unis ont lieu après le troisième mois de grossesse. La technique contestée représente probablement quelques milliers d'entre elles.

    Toutes les juridictions inférieures saisies par les partisans de l'avortement ont jusqu'à présent invalidé cette loi, car elle ne comporte pas d'exception si la santé de la femme est menacée. En 2000, la Cour suprême elle-même a invalidé pour ce motif une loi similaire du Nebraska. Mais la juge centriste Sandra Day O'Connor, qui a alors fait pencher la balance, a depuis été remplacée par le conservateur Samuel Alito.

    http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3210,36-898129,0.html?xtor=RSS-3208 


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  • http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070409/full/070409-9.html / Published online: 12 April 2007; | doi:10.1038/news070409-9

    US Senate passes stem-cell bill - again

    Bush promises to veto attempt to expand federal funding.

    Meredith Wadman



    For the second time in nine months, the US Senate has voted to lift restrictions on federal funding for human embryonic stem-cell research. But once again, the measure is expected to be vetoed by President Bush.

    "This bill crosses a moral line that I and many others find troubling. If it advances all the way through Congress to my desk, I will veto it," the president said in a statement issued shortly after the Senate vote.

    Senator Tom Harkin (Democrat, Iowa), the bill's leading proponent, urged the president to reconsider. "Tonight I am appealing to President Bush to re-examine the substance of this bill, and to reconsider his threat to veto it."



     


    Le président américain George W. Bush a annoncé mercredi qu'il opposerait son veto à un projet de loi adopté en soirée par le Sénat visant à favoriser la recherche sur les cellules souches embryonnaires

     

    http://www.la-croix.com/article/index.jsp?docId=2300105&rubId=5547  

     


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  • La Commission européenne a donné son feu vert au financement d'un registre européen de lignées de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines, jeudi 29 mars ...

    Bientôt un site Internet avec des informations sur les essais

    Janez Potočnik a précisé également que l'Union européenne s'engage sans restrictions "à ce que son programme de recherche respecte les normes les plus strictes possibles en matière d'éthique" : "Nous avons défini dans notre programme un environnement strict et transparent pour l'utilisation de ces cellules", a-t-il affirmé.

    Un site Internet accessible au public contiendra des données sur ces lignées (par exemple, sur les caractéristiques des cellules) et diffusera des informations sur des développements intéressants, tels que les essais cliniques.

    Il fournira par ailleurs des précisions sur l'origine des lignées de cellules souches et les coordonnées des personnes de contact. 81 lignées différentes sont actuellement utilisées dans des projets de l'UE. Le registre contiendra aussi des informations obtenues sur les lignées de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines utilisées dans les projets en cours et futurs financés par l'UE.

    10 Etats membres de l'UE sont associés

    On entend par "lignée de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines" une culture de cellules souches isolées à partir d'un embryon humain à un stade précoce, ces cellules pouvant être multipliées à l'infini en laboratoire. ...

    http://www.la-croix.com/article/index.jsp?docId=2299059&rubId=5547  

     


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  • Published online : 28 March 2007; | doi:10.1038/446474a / http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070326/full/446474a.html

    Cancer patients opt for unapproved drug

    Internet trade pre-empts clinical trial.

    Helen Pearson

    An experimental cancer drug shrinks tumours in rats with no apparent side effects. The scientists behind the study plan to do a clinical trial in humans, but it could take years to complete. Meanwhile, dying patients begin taking the unapproved drug and collect their results on the web. Both groups desperately want to save lives: but which is the right route to follow?

    This scenario has been playing out in recent weeks for a compound called dichloroacetate (DCA). It taps into long-running issues about whether terminally ill patients should be able to get access to drugs that have not yet had formal approval. Researchers fear that those taking the drug could suffer unanticipated side effects; patients argue they don't have the luxury of waiting for clinical trials to find out.







    In January this year, Evangelos Michelakis at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, and his colleagues reported that DCA has seemingly remarkable anticancer properties (S. Bonnet et al. Cancer Cell 11, 37-51; 2007). DCA is a small molecule that blocks an enzyme in mitochondria - the energy-production centres in cells - causing more glucose to be metabolized in the mitochondria rather than by a different pathway in the cytoplasm. The compound has been in clinical trials for years as a treatment for certain mitochondrial diseases, but it has not yet been approved.

    Mitochondria also control cell suicide, and Michelakis wondered whether cancer cells were suppressing these cellular structures to prevent the cells from dying - and so thought DCA might reactivate them. When his team gave DCA to rats that were growing human lung tumours, the tumours stopped growing within a week, and three months later were half the size of those in untreated animals. Other experimental drugs have had similar effects. But DCA stands out because it seems to leave healthy cells untouched, has been relatively safe in human trials, can be taken by mouth and easily penetrates tissues. "If there were a magic bullet," wrote Newsweek about the discovery, "it might be something like dichloroacetate."



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